Description of Bus Stop

The play, Bus Stop, is set in a diner in the mid 1900’s during a big snow storm. It begins with a girl named Elma (who works at the diner) whom is talking to lady, that also works at the diner, named Grace. There is a big snow storm in the midst and they both ponder whether to keep the diner open incase the passengers need a place to stay. They decide to keep it open. Next the town’s experienced and humble sheriff comes to the diner to watch over the bus’ passengers, also to inform Elma and Grace on the storms activity and increasingly worse conditions. Cherie (a chanteuse from Topeka, Kansas) enters the diner frantically in effort to escape her sleeping captures. She convinces everyone that a man named Bo, whom fell in love with her when he saw her perform at the Blue Dragon nightclub where she works, and his friend Virgil kidnapped her after she got off of work. She explains that Bo wants to take her to his home in Montana where he has a significant amount of money and get married. Bus Stop takes on its plot from there with love, frustration and comedy. Bo tries to understand why the chanteuse Cherie does not love him. He realizes that no lady has ever turned him down because of the wealth he inherited. Virgil is constantly trying to make Bo comprehend what he is doing wrong in the ways of love, and how to treat a woman right to win them over. Dr. Lymann becomes progressively drunker throughout the first night at the diner and becomes flirtatious with naive Elma. Grace and Carl end up leaving to â€Å"rest† and â€Å"take a walk†, when they both conspicuously imply that they will be with each other during that time. By reading this far in the play, the reader expects to learn what will happen with Bo and Cherie’s relationship and what this snow storm will entail for the rest of the characters.

Mayon: the Origin Essay

Her unsullied splendor cannot be denied. The sight of her can take one’s breath away. She is simply radiant as she stands tall and grand in the horizon. She is truly a one of a kind beauty that captivates anyone who pays her a visit. You have to be visually challenged to miss her brilliance. When she sleeps, she’s as gentle as a baby but when she stirs, she could easily strike horror among the hearts of men. She is loved for her beauty and tranquillity and spurned for her sometimes deadly and devastating aspect. This beauty is none other but the majestic Mt. Mayon which is located in the province of Albay in the Bicol region. It is known around the globe for its flawless cone shape. In some ways, she is like a shy maiden who likes to hide, using the clouds above her like a veil. Legendary Origin The legend of Mt. Mayon goes around the tragic love story of a beautiful young heroine named Daragang Magayon and a dauntless warrior. The legend has been narrated and passed on from generation to generation by the people of Albay. The legend has become a part of the lives of the people living in Daraga, Albay because Mt. Mayon plays an integral part in their beliefs, cultural practices and festivities. In fact, there’s an annual festival called Magayon Festival which is celebrated every month of May. The festival relives the legend of Mount Mayon. Different versions of the origin of the majestic Mayon Volcano have risen because of the oral tradition of telling stories and handing them down to the next line of descent. First version The legend is about the story of a beautiful lady named Daragang Magayon who lives in Kabikolan before the separation of the Philippines to mainland Asia. At that time, a maiden could not marry a man who lived outside the Kabikolan. Daragang Magayon rejected a native suitor named Paratuga. He was rich but selfish. She confessed to her father, Tiong Makusog, who also happened to be the chief of the village that she had fallen in love with a stranger named Panganoron, who saved her from drowning. Her father loved her so much and told her that he would find a way to fulfil the longing of her heart. The manipulative Paratuga decided to kidnap Tiong Makusog to force Daragang Magayon to marry him. The lovely maiden did not have a choice but to agree to the kidnapper’s demand. When Panganoron found out about the deceit, he attacked the village of Paratuga. As soon as he arrived at the wedding ceremony, Daragang Magayon hurried to his side but she was hit by a stray arrow. As Panganoron lifted the fallen maiden, he was attacked from behind. The lovers died in that unfortunate event. Tiong Makusog buried his daughter together with all her earthly possessions that Paratuga had bestowed on her as wedding gifts such as gold and precious stones. To everyone’s surprise, the burial ground began to rise a week after the burial. There were always white clouds hovering on top of the mound. The mound grew bigger and bigger as time passed. The legend goes on that the angry spirit of Paratuga sometimes attempts to unearth the grave of Daragang Magayon to get back the gold and precious stones that he gave her, which causes tremors and volcanic eruptions. He never succeeds in his quest and always ends up getting rocks and lava from the volcano. The cloud that hovers over the volcano is said to be the spirit of Panganoron who still weeps over the loss of his love. His tears fall to the earth as raindrops. Second version There lived a man named Magayon who had a beautiful princess as a niece. He was tremendously protective of her and never allowed a man to come close enough to ask her hand. One day, a brave warrior arrived and became attracted to the princess’ beauty. He asked the aid of the wind to help him pass through the royal chamber so he could lure the princess to elope with him. When the lovers left, Magayon followed them. The princess and the warrior asked the help of the Gods to save them. Suddenly a landslide occurred and buried Magayon. According to the legend, the eruption of Mt. Mayon is brought about by the anger of Magayon. Third version The third version of the legend is told by Laura Agpay, a native of Bicol. There was once a princess named Daragang Magayon. She lived in Bicol where her family reigned supreme over the entire place. She was known for her unrivalled beauty. Many warriors, princes and datus would travel from different areas of the country in the hope of getting her hand in marriage. Magayon did not like any of the royalties who were presented to her because her heart has already been captured by a warrior and prince named Handiong. Unfortunately, Handiong hailed from the rival tribe, the enemy of Magayon tribe. Magayon and Handiong suffered tremendously from their tribes’ attempts to separate them. When they could not stand being apart anymore, they fled, which resulted to a blood bath between the two enemy tribes. The young lovers could not accept the pain and torment of the events that followed. The two decided to end their lives. Even in death, the tribes separated the young couple. After several months, the Magayon tribe noticed a volcano growing in the spot where Magayon was buried. They named the volcano â€Å"Bulkang Magayon† depicting its perfect shape just like their beautiful Daragang Magayon.

Diversity Issues Essay

Share some contemporary examples of cultural diversity issues. Some contemporary examples of cultural diversity issues, for example, are law enforcements inabilities to understand completely some of the minority group’s language, traditions, beliefs, lifestyles, religions, stereotyping, and profiling of minorities. Law enforcement also encounters cultural diversity issues with the different moral beliefs of ethnic groups, therefore, can interfere with relating to other minorities when faced with a situation. Law enforcement officers should focus on education, training, and gain knowledge of their local minorities to form a universal relationship with those minorities to avoid the cultural and ethical issues, which may raise suspicions when in turn it is the beliefs, morals, etc. of that minority rather than hiding something, or under the influences of drugs or alcohol. An example is with Asian and Hispanic females. Females in both these minority family environments are considered subordinate to men, and many are expected to take a role as the mother while the male counterparts are allowed to participate in social activities such as jobs, sports, clubs, afterschool activities, and such (Shapiro, 2002). Law enforcement encounters much problematic issues regarding the subordination of females by the male counterparts in these minorities, resulting in calls to the school systems because female Hispanics are prone to be hostile toward peers because of stress, which derives in the family and the attempting results to conform-assimilate with youths in America (Shapiro, 2002). Reference: Shapiro, M. (2002). Asian Culture Belief: Vietnam. Retrieved September 29, 2011, from http://www.ntac.hawaii.edu/downloads/products/briefs/culture/pdf/ACB-Vol2-Iss5-Vietnam.pdf https://www.google.com

Walmart Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

Walmart - Essay Example Additionally, the shop also maintains its current clients. For that reason, in a retail shop such as Nice N Easy, broader merchandise selection contributes to 3.4 percent increase in sales. The store manager says that it has a high rate of customer inflow due to the strategy (Soverinsky 96). The broad merchandise selection elevates the number of sales; thus, leading to growth in the shop. With an increase in the number of products for sale, which also target a diverse range of customers, sales levels increase in the firm. Instead of targeting a specific section of the market population, a retailer with more products targets different people with different needs. Therefore, the number of sales increases in the firm leading to growth. For example, in Nice N Easy the number of sales increased by 3.4 percent, as a result of applying the strategy (Soverinsky 96). Broader merchandise selection acts as a form of advertisement. Advertisement and promotion of products is an essential aspect of marketing, which aids in growth of the firm. When a consumer enters to purchase a specific item, another product may attract them. When a customer identifies that a certain product exists in the same shop, there is a likelihood that he or she returns to the same shop to purchase that item or items. At Nice N Easy, regular customers come in to purchase different items due to the fact that they realize they can get that product in the same shop (Soverinsky 96). In conclusion, Walmart needs to broaden its selection of merchandise in order to increase sales, number of customers and also create product promotion. That way, the US discount unit can target a large number of customers enhancing company

Agency perspective Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Agency perspective - Essay Example All the members of the Very Bad Bike Club (VBBC) are dangerous because they engage in a number of criminal activities ranging from drug trafficking to participation in a criminal enterprise. Major Allen Irongate has his job well defined as the Security Chief of the state correctional facility. Since the member of Very Bad Bike Club (VBBC) roam Virtual, they are in constant battles with the police who are diligent to make Virtual a safe city. In this regard, a number of criminals find themselves at the correctional facility after facing prosecution from the Chief Prosecutor. The Security Chief of the state correctional facility oversees the welfare of prisoners under his docket to ensure that none of them escapes. In addition, Major Allen Irongate, who holds the docket, is responsible for the intake and release of prisoners, most of who belong to VBBC. He also has a duty to keep the records of all inmates and those released on parole. Although Major Allen Irongate has tried her best to manage the correctional facility, constant release and sentencing of same criminals have thwarted his efforts (Ferdico, Fradella, & Totten, 2013).   The perspective of the Security Chief of the state correctional facility, Major Allen Irongate is quite strange in the sense that she has her personal issues with Very Bad Bike Club (VBBC). She holds the strong opinion that the imprisonment of the majority of the VBBC members has relieved the city of Virtual of the unrest it had experienced hitherto. In fact, she feels that the correctional facility is doing its job diligently because of the marked reduction in criminal cases within the locality. It means that correctional facilities are not places where criminals face harsh disciplinary measures, but rehabilitation centers (McCullough, 2006).   Instead of reforming and becoming better citizens as Major Irongate

Identification Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Identification - Essay Example This has been reinforced by the fact that some nations that are non-democratic have managed to achieve impressive economic production. Fascism has been successful in a number of countries including Germany as well as Italy and Japan. It is even believed that what is needed to fix the problems facing the world today is; the availability of more information and the systematical analysis of that information. It is even argued that a dictator would help solve the various problems facing the world today by simply applying analysis. This would however require that democratic interferences and tradeoffs not to be applied (Ingram 3). Those who champion such arguments have gone to ask why smart people with the freedom to do what is right under democratic governments have not been able to solve the problems facing us. According to them, what is needed more are resources to do policy analysis. This stand is definitely miss -placed if not totally misguided as the people fronting it because there are so many policy analyses that have been done and are available by both governments and international agencies that are responsible for various sectors. The issue is not little information or lack of policy analysis as thought or fronted in Die Welle, but the problem is the opposite; there is too much information that it is overwhelming to make a policy choice unilaterally. With no clear and universally accepted criterion in place to make those whose interests are not catered for to accept policy that has been made by analysis, it is hard to implement these policies and solve the problems. If this is the problem that dictatorship is supposed to solve then Die Welle is a big joke. Have they considered the civil unrest, the violent opposition and confrontations? Also, no government has the resources to allot to extensive policy analysis (Ingram 8). And, if even if a dictator does this, he or she would in turn affect other operations of government there by creating a whole new probl em while trying to solve one. Furthermore, there has never been a single definition of all problems so that a policy analysis can handle all of them. In addition, there are limitations when it comes to policy making in an analytical manner because it is always fallible, costly, lacking the ability to conclusively resolve conflicts in terms of value and interests. It is therefore impossible to substitute politics with analysis as depicted in Die welle. It is however possible to improve policy making by increasing information and analysis but politics cannot be removed (Ingram 32). This authoritarian myth of Die welle is a misguided one that should not be supported because even states that are not democratic still rely on consent from members of their societies to a certain level. Even if it through coercion as in the case of Hitler in Germany. Federal Systems Federalism is a departure if not a rejection of majoritarian democracy as defined by its principal features or as depicted in the Westminster democracy model (Lijpart 3). Non-mojoritarian democracy is also referred to consensus democracy and can be further divided into federalism and consociationalism. While the two forms of non-majoritatrian democracy do not coincide, they always overlap to an extent that is significant. Also, it is important to note that they cover such areas such as balance when it comes to legislative relations, sharing of executive power, representation that is proportional,

Economic efficiency concepts Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Economic efficiency concepts - Term Paper Example profit." This is basically a study of factors which affect economic decisions of individuals, households and business enterprises in specifically defined markets. In view of these, a relevant topic encompassing economics at the abovementioned level is the concept of economic efficiency. Economic efficiency is normally defined as â€Å"a ratio of the quantity of some measure of output to the quantity of input required to bring it about. In economic theory, the desired output of economic activity is taken to be an increase in social utility, and the input required is some combination of the productive resources of land, labour and capital.† (The Citizens Compendium 2009) Productive efficiency is â€Å"the optimum combination of resources required to produce a given output at a given state of technology at which the ratio of their marginal products to their marginal costs are equal, because otherwise output could be increased at a given level of cost by increasing one input and reducing another.† (ibid. par. 5) On the other hand, allocative efficiency means that â€Å"resources are allocated optimally between two outputs when the ratios of their marginal social utilities to their marginal social costs are equal - because social utility could otherwise be increased by switching resources from one output to the other†. (ibid. par. 6) Finally, distribution efficiency is achieved when â€Å"each consumers margin rate of substitution of one product for the other is the same as that of the other consumer; that is to say when the ratio of the marginal utilities of the two products is the same for the two consumers, because otherwise they could gain from a swap† (ibid. par 7). According to Schneck (2007), â€Å"the criterion for economic efficiency is value. A change that increases value is an efficient change and any change that decreases value is an inefficient change.† He further averred that value is subjective; meaning, it differs depending on the perception of the

Engineering Strategy report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 8000 words

Engineering Strategy report - Essay Example However, Ayling (1995) also wrote about additional parameters that determine success in a competitive market and mentioned the market segment or the structure of the market where the competition is taking place. In this instance, two major markets are identified, which are local and global markets. Indeed, for most of the time before, Apex Engineering saw itself only engaged in local competition, where it was rated as the market’s second, only next to Coopers in the manufacturing of marine crane builder. Out of nowhere however, Apex Engineering now finds itself engaged in the global competitive market with several international competitors entering the market. Interestingly, in a perfect competition market such as the one that Apex is currently finding itself in, rather than a monopoly market, the competitiveness of the market does not make it possible for competitors to dance to the tunes that favour their opponents. In perfect competition, it is the business of opponents to read and know what creates competitive advantage for competitors and try to strategise their business operations to meet such competitive advantage (Adamson, Doherty and Viney, 1998). Currently, Apex Engineering has identified the problem it is faced with in its new competitive global market, and that is an inability to catch up with competitors on the lines of cost and innovation. Competitors have used cost and innovation as two key strategies to gain competitive advantage against Apex Engineering. Meanwhile, because perfect competition markets are made up of many firms and sellers with abundant substitute products for consumers to select from, it takes only firms that have competitive advantage to command market share as consumers always tend to prefer these organizations to that of their opponents. Until now, Apex Engineering has lost a lot of market share but is not totally out of business. This means that there remains much more optimisation and management

Telephony Application and VoIP (voice over Internet Protocol Dissertation

Telephony Application and VoIP (voice over Internet Protocol - Dissertation Example Although VoIP has been commendable in replacing PSTN, its application is not without drawbacks based on security and privacy of voice call information and impacts on quality of service. This paper evaluates and explains VoIP in detail in order to understand its functions, advantages, disadvantages, VoIP protocols and, best protocols for VoIP application. The research reveals Session Initiation Protocol or SIP as the best protocol given that it is easier to secure and sustain the quality of VoIP service. Acknowledgements First and foremost, I thank my parents for their support in my pursuit of a college education. I am grateful for their unfading support financially and emotionally. I also thank my instructor, who since I decided on this topic, has been a great source of encouragement, supervision, and academic counseling. Without your sincere support, the completion of this paper would not have been feasible. I thank you once again. I also thank my classmate and friend Yasir who has been of much appreciate assistance in ensuring that I intensely research the topic and obtain detailed relevant material for use in this paper. My gratitude to you is beyond words. Finally, I thank everyone, who in any little way has assisted me in research, drafting the manuscript and whose support has remained untainted throughout the process. I thank you all and many blessings. Table of Contents Acknowledgements 3 Chapter One 6 Introduction to the Problem 6 Technology is advancing every day; included in that technological advancement is the improvement of telephone capabilities. While most are familiar with modern cell phone and smart phone technology, voice over internet protocol, or VoIP, is also a technological improvement, with regards to telephoning that should be considered. 6 Traditional telephony, or telephone technology, according to Meggelen, Smith and Madsen is the technology associated with the transmission of voice, fax, video or other form of information, electronic ally (2009). Such transfer involves parties located long distances apart and who are using systems originally linked with telephone. A telephone device is characterized by a transmitter or speaker on one side and a receiver on the other. The telephone science involves translation of sound or voice signal into electrical signals then transmitting them and translating them into sound signal at the destination. In the modern world, Meggelen, Smith and Madsen, point out that computer hardware and software assumes the roles that telephones used to (2009). Commendable changes in telephony were achieved by the arrival of computers, transmission of digital information over telephone systems and utilization of radio for transmission of telephone signals. 6 Internet telephony is the utilization of internet infrastructure and related technology instead of traditional telephone infrastructure to exchange voice, sound or other information transferable through telephone (MacKnight, Lehr & Clark, 2001). With internet telephony, telephone access is affordable at local connection rates. As a result, any long distance or international calls are much less expensive compared to the traditional call set up (Rouse, 2008). 6 The inception of the internet has led to the development of several new services, three

Reverberation Time and Absorption Coefficients Lab Report

Reverberation Time and Absorption Coefficients - Lab Report Example In any enclosed space the sound remains in air even after the source of sound is taken off. This 'hanging on' of the sound in a room is known as Reverberation and the time required for the sound to decay to one millionth of its initial value (or 60 dB) after the source has stopped, is termed as 'Reverberation Time'. The R/T of any room depends upon the shape and size of the room, sound frequency, and the amount of absorption offered by the boundary surfaces. This experiment aims to find out how the boundary wall formation and other parameters affect the R/T and absorption coefficients of a room and its significance in acoustic treatments. Step-4: Set the analyser to excite the room with a stationary broadband noise, which is suddenly stopped. This will provide relevant information to the analyser from which the reverberation time, in one-third octave bands can be calculated. The Octave bands could be centred at 125, 250, 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz. From the above mentioned experiment it is quite evident that reverberation and absorption are inextricably linked with each other. Reverberation figures in a room with bare walls are more than a room fitted with absorbent surfaces. During the experiment it was also observed that the volume of sound increases due to the reverberation, which at times complements the audibility of the sound, but at the same time it has been observed that quality of sound suffers adversely when there is too much of reverberation. Prolongation of sound was observed with the reverberation. In fact if we can make use of reverberation in the most efficient manner, particularly during musical or theatre performances, it results in a soothing blending of one sound with the next, thus producing a very pleasant continuity in the flow of music. It is worthwhile here to mention that if the extent of prolongation increases it results in quality deterioration. It is also worth mentioning here that during entire lab experiment all positions of the microphones, the equipment, furniture and other

Cold War between 1945-1949 Essay Example for Free

Cold War between 1945-1949 Essay The Cold War starting from 1945 to its end had lasted for 44 years. 44 years of different degrees and stages of tension between the two Superpowers. Who was to blame for the outbreak and development of the Cold War? Both sides were to blame, and the Soviet policies between 1945 and 1949 were, thus, responsible for it to a certain extent. Economically, the Soviets did not allow its Eastern Bloc to receive the USs Marshall Plan aid, and set up Comecon to oppose it, and these actions by the Soviets increased the tensions between the US and the USSR. Marshall Plan was first introduced by Secretary of States George C. Marshall at Harvard University on June 5, 1947 and was passed by the US congress in March 1948. The Marshall Plan was aimed to help the reconstruction of the post-war European countries, and the countries that needed it. It was an economic and technical aid. 10% of the American GDP would go into the aid. As the British Prime Minister Winston Churchill had once said, It was the most unselfish act in history, and it was a stunning success. However, the Russian historians can argue that it was not the most unselfish act in history. Their reason was that if the countries wanted to receive the aid, it had to open up to America and would give America a chance to look into their infrastructures and how damaged the countries were. This was not what Stalin wanted; he did not want the USA to know about how devastated Soviets was. Therefore, the USSR foreign minister, Vyancheslav Molotov, called the Marshall Plan the Dollar Imperialism. The USSR then in 1949 set up Comecon as a counter-Marshall Plan organization formed primarily to prevent the Central European countries that had expressed interest in the Marshall Plan from getting the money. Thus, the increased in tension because of the USSR preventing countries from taking the Marshall aid could not fully blamed on the USSR. Politically, Winston Churchill, the former British Prime Minister, gave the Fulton Speech, which only contributed to the increasing tension between the two superpowers. On March 5 1946, Mr. Churchill gave his Sinews of Peace in Fulton, Missouri, which was the famous Iron Curtain Speech, and in which he condemned the USSR for taking over other countries and called for the union of English-speaking countries to fight it. For this, the Russian  called Churchill a warmonger. The reason why this happened was because on October 9, 1944, Stalin and Churchill had a secret pact in Moscow where they agreed on the Spheres of influence in Balkans. In other words, Churchill gave Soviets the part which it took over later on, and condemned Stalin for doing what he agreed on. His was acting as a hypocrite. Therefore, the decline in the relation between the USSR and the West was not solely because of the USSR. Militarily, the Berlin Blockade in June 1948, which was the closest point where the World War Three might break out before Cuban Missile crisis, was started by Stalin, so one may argue that it was Stalins fault. In the orthodox point of view, it was Stalin who started the Blockade and nearly pushed the world into WWIII, so it was his fault. However, when the causes of the Blockade were examined, one may argue otherwise. On June 1, 1948, America and France announced that they were going to combine their zones in West Germany and create a new zone call the Bizonia. They broke the agreement they signed with the USSR in the Potsdam Conference in July 1945, in which they agreed that they would split Germany into four zones so that Germany would not be strong enough to stand up and start WWIII again like what Hitler did. They broke the agreement and broke the remaining trust between them and the USSR. Furthermore, in Potsdam Conference, they also agreed that the USSR could take 10% of the other three German zones GDP as reparation, but they never paid the money. Even Stalin himself said that the real reason why he started the Blockade was because of American and Frances introduction of the new currency in the West zone which directly cost the East Germany a lot of skilled workers because they all fled to the West zone, the effect of the two causes listed previously above could not be neglected. Therefore, even though it was Stalin who started the blockade but it was not entirely his fault in doing so. From the reasons above, examined from military, economic and political point of views, the outbreak and development of the Cold War was not only the USSRs fault, but also the West. Therefore, the Soviets was responsible for it to only an extent.

Homeopath and Naturopath Medicine Essay Example for Free

Homeopath and Naturopath Medicine Essay Before the practice of the traditional medicine that is used today there was Homeopath and Naturopath medicine; there is evidence of a growing acceptance and use of these more historical medicine practices being used in modern times. Homeopathy and naturopathic medicine practices have a great deal in common; however, there are distinct differences. Over traditional medicine practice and treatment, homeopath and naturopath medicine tend to treat the whole person that try to address the root of the medical problem instead of just treating its symptoms. Cranberry juice helps cure urinary tract infections, garlic is a natural antibiotic and has also been shown to help heart disease as well as other health issues; these two â€Å"cures† are just a sample of using a more holistic approach to treatment rather than prescribing a medication that can be purchased at the local pharmacy. Traditional physicians now prescribe natural based treatments like the garlic and another is fish oil. Knowing the difference between the homeopath and the naturopath practices when seeking medical help is advisable. As stated by Martin Hughes, in his article â€Å"Homeopath vs. Naturopath†: ‘The terms homeopath and naturopath mean different things in different states. In states that license naturopathic doctors as primary care physicians, a practitioner of naturopathic medicine is known as a naturopathic physician. A naturopathic physician may practice homeopathy; homeopathy is one of several treatment modalities used by naturopathic physicians to address your health complaints. In these states, a person who has not obtained the degree of naturopathic doctor from an accredited four-year naturopathic medical school may practice homeopathy but is not permitted to call herself a naturopathic doctor. In states that do not have a licensing process for naturopathic doctors, anybodyincluding lay homeopathscan refer to themselves as a naturopathic doctor.’ Both types of practitioners are unique, however still complement the other. Both believe that the human body is able to heal itself from many illnesses and treatment of ailments should be in a natural form that enables the body  to work properly and heal naturally. Homeopaths and Naturopaths do not always go for the quick fix that a traditional doctor may use. An example is that a traditional doctor may prescribe a chemically based cream for a sever rash, the homeopath and naturopath might advise a cream made from gold seal. Both natural and traditional creams do work. The chemical based is more expensive and may work somewhat faster. A choice comes down to whether the patient would rather use chemicals or something natural to treat an ailment. Before the treatment even begins, there are major differences between naturopathic and homeopathic medical diagnosing that the patient should be aware of. Homeopaths use a detailed question and answering session that may take hours to go thr ough; a naturopath may use a question format along with x-rays and blood work to find the root cause to health problems. A naturopath may work alongside a formally trained medical doctor in an office or within a hospital format, homeopaths typically do not. (Hughes, 2011) Patients need to be aware of how their choice of practitioner works, have confidence in their ability and a willingness to follow any treatment plan given. The treatment that both Homeopaths and Naturopath practitioners use can have differences, both treat the whole body. Many homeopaths use herbalists for help in creating a mixture or formula that treat an ailment. The mixtures are normally made from plants, herbs and juices that are developed in a refined manner and often grown by the herbalist. A naturopath may use botanical and/or chemically based medication. An interesting fact is that women that created the concoctions that healed and treated the sick hundreds of years ago were once considered witches. The practice of burning witches at the stake began in Europe. An ironic fact is that men who practiced â€Å"modern† medicine and often used treatments such as blood-letting found the â€Å"witches† potions to be more effective treatment which then men did not like. (Ehrenreich and English, 1972) Historically effective naturopathic medicine is being brought back into many remedies used today by traditional, naturopathic and holistic practitioners. There is a weaving of practices that is being integrated in a positive way that allows patients today to look at their own health as a whole body treatment. Yoga, vitamin therapy, exercising, following a healthy eating plan is as important as taking medications prescribed by a physician. The weaving begins with the historical use of the naturopath and  homeopathic knowledge we’ve had for generations. The naturopath uses a more whole body approach which may include exercise, diet, regular medicine, herbal or natural types of medicine, hydrotherapy, acupuncture and lifestyle coach ing. (Hughes, 2011) Both homeopaths and naturopaths believe that the human spirit has a great deal to do with how well a person may do when the holistic approach is used. Cancer Treatment Centers of America advertise use of a more naturopathic and holistic approach to treating cancer patients. Caretakers that use a holistic approach and are competent to help treat homeopathic and naturopathic patients are used as a form of support and re-enforcing the treatment plans. ( http://www.cancercenter.com/integrative-treatment.cfm) In some societies spiritual blessings are given or offerings are made, what once was seen as voodoo and witchcraft is now seen in a more spiritually accepted point of healing the inner body. All treatments should be done following the guidelines that are given by the practitioners. Some of the treatments may sound farfetched and even weird, but have proof of their use and positive effect for thousands of years before today. Social media sites such as Facebook are full of people who will swear by some crazy sounding cures, which in fact actually do have medical merit. (One should always check with someone that has proper knowledge before trying anything that may sound dangerous.) It is wise any time a patient is uncomfortable with a diagnosis or treatment plan, they have the right to refuse. Once the treatment is given and completed, there is another difference in how homeopath and naturopath practitioners review the patient’s success. The naturopath will go through many of the same questions that were used in diagnosing a problem. Along the same lines is the checking of symptoms and reactions to the remedies used. If a problem still exists, a naturopath will add another nature formulated item to the treatment and there will be another follow-up a week or two later. A homeopath may use further x-rays and blood work to ensure the treatment is being effective. (Hughes, 2011) There is an ability in gaining knowledge that allows one to know that many forms of natural and homeopathic treatments are being used rather than filling the human body with chemicals that may become toxic, thus poisoning the body. Toxic medications and treatments have been known to cause death, birth defects and cancers. Drug recalls are constantly in the news, most people know at least  one person that has been impacted by a dangerous side effect of a chemical-based medication. Natural medicines or treatments are not without danger; therefore it is imperative to talk to someone who has studied homeopathy, naturopathy or are an herbalist before treating a health problem. Empowering knowledge comes from studying holistic medicine, learning there are ways that are cheaper and better for the body than dangerous, more traditional medicine. The human body is an incredible machine that needs to be treated in the best way possible, using naturopathic and homeopathic medicine is a step in the right direction. References: Hughes, M., D.C. (August 11, 2011). Homeopath-vs-naturopath. Retrieved from http://www.livestrong.com/article/100600-homeopath-vs.-naturopath/ Ross, J. (2004) The Mood Cure, published by Viking-Penguin Ehrereich, B., English, D. (1972). Witches, Midwives, and Nurses: A History of Women Healers http://www.cancercenter.com/integrative-treatment.cfm

Impact Of Advertisers On Commercial Media

Impact Of Advertisers On Commercial Media Living in todays society, everywhere is filled with advertisements, commercial, public service, newspapers, radio, televisions, network, on the street and shopping mall, nowhere we can escape from them. Almost every day we have to come into contact with these ads, it has become an indispensible part of our life. The prosperous of advertising is based on a consensus: advertisements convince consumers to buy the goods. Advertisers believe it and so do the retailers. In the middle of nineteenth century, there is some skepticism towards adverting. Royal Commissions on the Press are adamant that advertising has no effect on commercial and equally dismissive about the effect of it on the press. Just as the first commission concluded that attempts by advertisers to influence editorial policy appear to be infrequent and unsuccessful (Curran, 1981). Such assess denials the significance of advertisers on commercial media, which seems to suggest that further enquire is pointless. Nevertheless, there are grounds for wondering whether the verdict is correct. Great shifts in the pattern of media advertising have taken place during the last decades, which have altered the feature if the commercial media. In nowadays media industry, the editorial policy of the press and network is shaped and molded by a combination of subtle financial pressure from advertisers. Thus in this article, it is worth to discuss the alternative ways in which advertisers affect the commercial media instead of over attempts to influence its content. Especially, as a concealed subsidy system, more attention should be paid to the ways advertising has shaped the mass media and the ways the media have adapted to the marketing that advertisers needs so as to compete for the subsidies. In addition, as with concerns about the impact of advertisers requirements and demands on editorial and creative decision in the media and cultural industries, basing on the current situations, this article will investigates the influence advertisers in some primary sectors of commercial media, and the changes of their power on those sectors, in order to figure out whether the contemporary advertisers is acquiring more control over the organization and output of commercial media or less. The character of advertisers in the commercial media Since the first modern full service advertising agencies emerged in the late nineteenth century, it has been a major thread of debate about the owner power advertisers put on the media. Mainly, advertisers affect the media by two means: both directly and indirectly ways. Advertisers power exert over the information programming they sponsor. As one of the main sources of produced commodity of popular images, languages and narratives, the context of advertisement is directed by advertisers, as well as the entire media industry. They also influence the text of news as it is reported, the actual form and content of information as it is presented to consumers. Recently, it might be controversial of the phenomenon that where or not it is related to their industry of advertisers having begun demanding advance warning of content. For instance, the nations fourth largest advertiser Chrysler Corporation informed the magazines in which it advertised that It is required that Chrysler Corporation be alerted in advance of any and all editorial content that encompasses sexual, political, social issues or any editorial that might be construed as provocative or offensive. Each and every issue that carries Chrysler advertising requires a written summary outlining major theme appearing in upcoming issues (Baker, 1997). Since advertisers want to reach the public so that they can sell their products well, they naturally support the media which are popular with the public. This conditions and commercial tension directly shaped the contemporary advertising industry. As the major source of finance for the two leading commercial media sectors- the press and commercial broadcasting, advertisers are thus act as neutral and passive intermediaries who allocate their media budgets basing on the preference of media consumers. They determine the structure of media industries simply by choosing where to spend their money and support media outlets that reach the right demographic groups, audiences that consume the most. Advertisers rarely think of the media exclusively as a distribution system for advertisement. Generally, they also make judgments about the effectiveness of different media as agencies of persuasion but not the desire to reach all members of the public. Actually, consider the nature and significan ce of the influence posed by advertisers; we can see that the mass media fashions an essentially means of advertising patronage according to the needs of market and the class inequalities of power, influences and consumption within the society. The advertisers want to expand their power of several aspects: fist is to access to mass or niche markets. What they want to control is how potential consumers view their product and things external to the advertisement that may influence the way people viewing it (McAllister, 1996), which means, for instance, advertising tries to control not only the symbols in the ads, but also the meanings of those symbols represent. Meanwhile, advertisers also focus on the positive demographics, they weight towards groups with disposable income like youngsters and those who are in professional and managerial occupations. They want to control over the audiences viewing behavior in order to make sure audience actually notices the advertisement. In reality, to varying degrees, the consumers that media companies are responding to are advertisers, not the people who read, watch or listen to the media (Croteau Hoynes, 2005), the demographics group with high rating is more attractive to advertisers. Hig her- income audiences are more appealing than lower- income viewers because they are more likely to afford the advertisers products. And advertisers also have a strong preference for younger audiences and relatively have no interest in the audience over the age of 50. Besides, another factor advertisers want to control is the media environment. They are engaged in creating a positive selling environment to make sure that the media content around the advertisements complements the messages and tones of their ads. The levels advertisers influences the commercial media Advertising has been central to the formation of the contemporary media landscape. With the high development and growth of advertising, advertisers have more right to participate the decision of media. Mainly, their influence can operate at several levels. Instrumental Basically, advertisers will adopt the instrumental interventions to seek to affect particular media products, trends, or policies. This influence can be reflected both by individual and collective. Individually, advertisers always interested in the sector in which particular companies endeavor to, they follow the mainstream of the media market and change their strategies to look for maximum interests. One of the most effective tactics is sponsorship, through which advertisers can secure favorable publicity. Literally, a sponsor is often someone or some organization who donates to, and takes responsibility for, the public good (Savan, 1994). As definition here, sponsorship is the act of corporate giving to some for profit, and it can emphasize its philanthropic elements. Sponsorship as a promotional activity is not new. The first instance of the company sponsorship of an event occurred at least as far back as 1887, when the French magazine Velocipede sponsored an early automobile race (Lucas, 1992).The term sponsorship can be seen as another form of advertising, is used as contrast to spot advertising. Different from the spot advertising, which involves several advertisers shari ng the total advertising time, it involves only one promoter giving all the funding to and getting all the promotional time from a media program. Nowadays, instead of the traditional advertising, sponsorship as a more effective and valid way has filled into every sectors of media industry and even our life. Advertisers looking for the new opportunity to propagandize for their products, they are not confined to the fundamental form like sponsor an event or sport, but sponsor ranging from a TV program to famous stars daily attire and supplies. Just take those starts for example; the producers of cloth, handbags, shoes or everything can put in the starts they would like to sponsor. Because to those idolaters, they are crazy to follow their idols style and want to buy what their idols like. In this way, producers can advertise for the product with the minimum cost and expand the sales and visibility. The rising cost of traditional advertising slots in media (McCarthy, 1991) led to a sig nificant increase in sponsorship. From this point of view, sponsorship has become just like any other advertising buy, and becomes valuable when it fulfills a companys marketing needs, especially when it can be tied specifically to sales increase. Besides, advertisers need do some market research to censor negative coverage. As an ads maker, one should understand that in order to sell the products they have to know consumers desires and dreams better than they know themselves. Market research, in which psychologists, polling organization, trends analysts, focus group leaders, interviewers, and the whole panoply of mass communications work together and try to figure out what will make customers buy. Colletive Advertisers also interfere in the media industry collective, which means, as a group they try to a more positive selling and operating environment. Because the most revenue of commercial media is depend on advertising, ads makers usually use their economic power to censor and control the content or purchase content favorable to their interests (Baker, 1994). Advertisers make a larger contribution to the finances of the mass media than audiences. Commercial broadcasting derives nearly all of its revenue from advertising while newspapers and magazines both derive over half their revenue from advertisements. In this sense, advertisers sponsor or control the media by means of boycotting some programs or groups that dont meet their aims. For example, American advertisers had ever shunned the working class press, and also avoided radio station with largely African American of Latino audiences. On study posed by Federal communications commission (FCC) in 1999 suggested that advertising on s tations that target programming at racial and ethnic minorities. And the paying on minority- formatted radio stations less than general market stations with comparable audience size (Bettig Hall, 2012). So we can say that the proportionate contribution to the media enterprises revenue from an individual advertiser or organized group of advertisers, the greater the likely influence. Allocation advertisers change in different sectors In order to gain the maximum profit, advertisers need to shift their investment strategy according to audience taste. Since there emergence varies channels for advertisers to do publicity of their products, they have been trying to seek for the most effective way. From the traditional media press to the modern internet, advertisers change the investment allocation basing on media market demand. The realistic condition is that t advertising allocation between media sectors are not closely tied to the pattern of media consumption. Newspapers and magazines absorb much less time, on average, than commercial TV and broadcast. Media press Recent changes in advertising allocation between media sectors have tended to undermine traditional mass media, promote the growth of specialized media and favor the development of the regional press. The media press has been one of the most significant places for advertising because of its attractiveness to local advertisers and government restrictions on the development other commercial sectors like broadcasting. In todays media industry, this medium still draws a large share of advertising revenue, for instance, Newspapers increased their advertising revenue by 7.3% from 1993 to 1994 (Coen,1995). But the newspaper press nonetheless failed to regain fully the market share of media advertising expenditure that it had enjoyed before because in recent years, there is much faster growth in their direct competitors for local advertising money, like TV network which up 17.8% and direct mail growth 8.7% (Coen,1995). This reflect the mediums diminished attractiveness to advertisers, the popular press total share of advertising revenue has steadily declined and it was only partly displaced by the newborn media such as TV and internet. Some reason for this decline is that services that newspapers have traditionally had a lock on, like classified ads, can now be delivered by other means, such as commercial TV of computer network (Fisher, 1993). The rise of commercial media seriously depleted the value of the advertising that the press did obtain. In order to get out of the dangerous situation, the press has to charge very low cover prices and spend very much more heavily on editorial outlay as a result of the rising advertising income it obtained. The most important is that the press may try to overcome the adverse situation by becoming more advertising friendly. Even though the proportion of the adult population reading newspaper and magazine remained stable during the period of new media rise, the youngsters are seldom read it anymore and more interested in the news form TV and internet. Like some women magazine press, to be heavily oriented towards the young middle class, they sell their magazines coming with som e free gift to attract the customers. Besides, the number of magazine advertising pages increased by nearly 50% (Danna, 1992). Just like one newspaper executive claims that instead of simply selling space, were listening carefully to advertisers and marketing those newspaper environments that best fit an advertisers marketing goals'(Szathmary, 1992). Internet The emergence of the internet creates new platform for advertisers to transfer of ad from established media to the internet. With the development of the society, we have entered the internet era, especially in nowadays; young people are no longer focused on reading the newspaper and even watching TV, so advertisers turn the perspective and power to the internet. Compared to traditional advertising model, the network advertisement propaganda is varied. According to an Internet and interactive marketing data, which display network advertising marketing scale driver mainly from two aspects: one is the search engine advertising scale still maintained a fast growth; and another is continuously improvement of the advertising marketing value of video and BBS (Fine, 1995). For example, the micro-film now is very popular on the internet. Some advertisers take this opportunity and make very impressive micro-film which is turned out to be an advertisement in the end. Unlike the classical advert isement show on TV or radio, this kind of ads has longer time to tall a whole story without spending so much money as on TV. Meanwhile, it has a high rate of spread and circulation, which means if advertisers put it in the YouTube so that people can share it all around the world. The rapid development of electronic commerce highlights the value identity advertisers paid to Internet channel, and they are on the way of transferring their control to the network world. Commercial TV Commercial TV became accepted in leading agency circles as the best promotional medium for cheap mass market commodities. Commercial TV is superior to the press in selling cheap, mass products. On average, people see approximately 100 TV commercials a day, and studies estimate that, counting all the logos, labels, and announcements, some 16,000 advertisements flicker across an individuals consciousness daily (Gauntlett Hill, 1999). It comes in the innovative ways that television can be subservient to advertisers, where becomes the most obvious sector controlled by advertisers. Viewing many commercial TV, the golden time is always given to the soup operas, drama series those advertising friendly programs. Advertisers generally love sitcoms, for example, with their half-hour format, and the rule of thumb in modern commercial TV is what advertisers want, they get. Another kind of TV program advertisers involve in most is reality show. With the limitation of spot advertisement both in time and rule, advertisers now are more likely to sponsor a reality show or studio entertainment. With sponsorship, one sponsors name usually appears throughout the event, sometimes from beginning to end, sometimes in the background and foreground. For instance, in those reality shows like The American Next Top Model and The Project Runway, there are quite a lot of sponsors ranging from the prize to the house competitors live, at the beginning of each series, they will be introduced and throughout the show those sponsors are intentionally mentioned and detailed descrambled by competitors or judges for several times. Audience who like the show must be memorable for those products. This seems to be more impressed than the traditional TV advertisement. For the commercial media, because they are sponsored, they must do advertising hardly to ensure they can get subsidy . This conflict of interest means that unlike official cultural products, films, TV shows, books, and paintings and so on, advertising finds few regular critics in the mainstream press. However, television that is competitively depends on advertising does tend to bar appeals to quality from the decision- taking process as consideration to be weighed in their own right. Unfortunately for advertiser, traditional media do not reach many of the most desirable groups. Consumers have more places to escape advertising and it was usually the consumers most desirable to advertisers who escaped their messages. As the major medium of commercial media industry, advertisers intervene and control mainly in commercial TV. In return some rules are carried out by the national advertising association in order to check the balance between the advertisers and audiences. In 2011, The State Administration of Radio Film and Television of China (SARFT) a new ban that all TV stations must rearrange their programs to delete all commercials set to air during TV dramas or face stern punishment. And according to Korean television regulation, except for sponsorship goods, all the other logos mus t be covered in variety show and drama series. Conclusion Advertisers have great influence to the contemporary commercial media. The most important factor affecting the degree of influence is the portion of the media firms revenue provided by ads. The media have adapted to the requirements of advertisers in the ways they have sought to maximize revenue. Advertising revenue usually has great significance for the life of a publisher or broadcaster. In commercial media, advertiser expenditure partially of an entirely underwrites the production and publication or broadcast of media content. In return media owner displays the advertisements. Advertising revenue supports media, either directly, or more usually indirectly, through a holding company or network of commissioning channels. Advertisers are free to decide whether to stay with or withdraw their commercials from controversial program. From the traditional media press to the universal commercial TV, advertisers always seek for new opportunity to put their power into wider media sectors. They change the strategy according to the need of commercial media market. As the rise of new advertising platform, advertising of newspapers and magazines are facing with big challenges and gradually lose their dominant position. The emergence of internet offer advertisers a perfect means to advertise products with less expenditure and high efficiency. The commercial TV is the best promotional medium for cheap mass market commodities. By means of spot advertising, sponsorship, implanted advertising, advertisers want to acquire more control over the opera of commercial TV. However, too many advertisements lead to a boycott of the audience, and in order to keep the balance, the advertising administration has issued some rules to prevent overpower of advertisers. Advertisers have been central to the formation of the contemporary media landscape, which depends heavily upon advertising revenue. In turn advertisers are dependent on the media to provide audiences. Overall, from what discussed above, it can be seen that contemporary advertisers are acquiring more control over the organisation and output of commercial media.

THINGS FALL APART Essay examples -- essays research papers

Summary and Analysis of: Things Fall Apart   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are many lessons that we learn in life. Chinua Achebe?s Things Fall Apart teaches one of life?s greatest lesson. True, lasting happiness matters more than ones social rank or ones rank of wealth. Okonkwo, who is the main character in this book, is trying his best to be the man that is father was not. His father was a well known bum and a man who owed a lot of debts. Okonkwo felt that men are always suppose to be strong, leaders, and do what people perceive are typical male tasks. But his father, Unoka, did not fit his description of what he felt a real man should be. He was ashamed of his father.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Okonkwo had an obsession. His obsession was his pride. And this led to him losing his head and everything that worked so had to obtain. One of his greatest fears that were portrayed in this book was that of showing any type of emotions, affection, or sorrow. He felt that showing them would make him look weak. It is okay to express yourself. That is part of being human. To protect his own image Okonkwo would do anything. He began to search for wealth and status by asking other villagers who were wealthy for support. He was loaned seed yams. This was just enough for him to begin a productive crop. He had to start at the bottom and work his way up to the top. He was able to do just that. He gained a very high standing in the Ibo tribe. And his ultimate goal was to become an elde...

Tennessee WIlliams :: essays research papers fc

IT is "OUT OF REGRET FOR A SOUTH that no longer exists that I write of the forces that have destroyed it," Tennessee Williams explained. This also seems to be the case for Kenneth Holditch and Richard Freeman Leavitt, the authors of the beautiful biographical album Tennessee Williams and the South'2 Holditch and Leavitt's book is alive with nostalgia for a South that no longer exists: a culture of grace and ease, of cavalier behavior and stoic endurance, a place where the romantic imagination is alive and in perpetual struggle with the crude realism of modernity. According to the authors, this paradise lost was crucial to the dramatic imagination of Williams, but above all it seems to have inspired their own. Besides establishing Williams's intimate ties with the South and revealing the biographical material beyond the writer's fiction, the book relishes the perpetuation of Southern mythologies. The childhood of Thomas Lanier Williams III, who was born in Columbus, Mississippi, and raised in various other Southern locations, is described as nothing less than "a southern idyll," regardless of the father's evident alcoholism, frequent family quarrels, and the older sister's fragile health. However, these fundamental problems erupted suddenly and violently, so the authors insist, only with the family's move north to St. Louis. Notably, it is not the innate family situation that clouds Tom's otherwise sunny childhood, but his displacement to the North. And since "southerners . . . have deep roots in their own native soil and do not tend to forget the land that gave them birth," the young Tom could never feel at home in "the cold North." Rehearsing such cliches of a long-standing North-South dichotomy, the authors establish the South as a warm and comfortable haven, in which Williams apparently felt sheltered from personal and social conflicts. The alienation and conflicts of the North, in turn, trigger the transformation of the Southern past into a comforting myth: "His experiences, good and bad, served as a sort of magical catalyst to convert the past into a precious stone of memory, enriching it with a luster and magnificence it may never have possessed in reality." That this myth had little to do with the concrete reality of the South stands beyond question. But one wonders for whom the magical conversion of the past took place. After all, even in his dramatic imagination the South was never simply just a place of enduring gentility and romanticism to Williams, but it was also the site of very concrete and often cruel social, ethnic, and sexual conflicts.

Free College Essays - Eliezer Wiesels Night :: Eliezer Wiesel Night Essays

Eliezer Wiesel's Night      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Book Night was the autobiography of Eliezer Wiesel.   This was a horrible and sobering tale of his life story.   The story takes place in Sighet, Translyvania.   It's the year 1941 and World War II is occurring. Eliezer was 12 at this time and wasn't really aware of what was occurring in the world concerning the Jewish people.   He had a friend who went by the name Moshe the Beadle.   Moshe was very good friend of Elezers'.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One day it was ordered that all foreign Jews in Sighet be deported by German troops.   They were told they had to wear yellow stars to identify themselves.   Eliezers friends Moshe was also a foreign Jew, which meant he had to be deported.   Eliezer did not see his friend Moshe for months.   When he finally saw him, Moshe was weeping.   Eliezer asked him what was wrong. Moshe told him he was in a concentration camp.   He said they threw him in a pit and shot his leg, but he managed to escape to worn him to flee for his life.   Eliezer didn't listen to him anyway.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   About three days later, German troops entered Sighet.   They order the people of Sighet to surrender to them or die.   The people surrendered and had to give up all their possessions.   Moshe was right, it did happen.   All the people of Sighet were jammed into train cars and shipped to the concentration camp of Aushcwitz.   At that point Eliezer was separated from his family forever with the exception of his father.   There was a large crematory in Aushcwitz.   You could smell the burning flesh in the air. Eliezer was ordered to the crematory.   He came within two paces of it, but then was ordered to the barracks.   He was saved for that night only.   After that incident, he lived with fear of when was he going to die.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Eliezer later went to other concentration camps in Bakenau and Buna. During these years in the camps he lived through great suffering. Starvation, and survival.   He also witnesses thousands of people die and murdered including his own father.   Eliezer was finally shipped to Buchenwald.   Which would end up being his last stay at any concentration camp.   It was now the year 1945 and this ordeal was finally over.

Belonging: Salem Witch Trials and Society Essay

â€Å"An individual’s interaction with others and the world around them can enrich or limit their experience of belonging†. Discuss this view with detailed reference to your prescribed text and choosing ONE other related text of your own choosing. The natural human need to belong is a characteristic of most human beings. The interaction with others and the world around an individual can be a positive, enriching experience or can be a negative, limiting experience. These experiences are part of belonging, and an individual is often left with the choice of choosing wether the sacrifice of loosing ones individual identity and conforming to a group, wether it be a society, belief or authority or choosing to hold onto individuality, independence and freedom is right for them as an individual. This moral dilemma is displayed in the stage play ‘The Crucible’ by Arthur Miller written in 1953, based on the Salem witch hunts of Massachusetts in 1692 and the 1950s anti communist extremist of McCarthyism. The characters of the play are faced with moral dilemma of self righteousness and belonging to ones self or conforming and sacrificing their own beliefs to avoid persecution and isolation from society. ‘Into the Wild’, a film by Sean Penn, is based on the true story of Christopher McCandless, a man who is faced with the ultimate struggle between belonging to society, a family and relationships between other people and the independency and freedom that he so surely seeks. Both texts use techniques such as irony and contrast and setting to convey the ideas of interaction with the people that are around them and the world that they live in and how the experiences shared can change an individual’s perspective on belonging. In the opening scenes of the play ‘The Crucible’ by Arthur Miller, key ideas of persecution of those who don’t belong and of those who choose not to conform to the strict rules of the Puritan society that the city of Salem believed in and the consequences and perspective of an individual’s need to belong are beginning to be expressed. Abigail, an orphan of low social standing in the town, who is of a manipulative, vengeful and deceitful manner, who longs to belong in the community as more than just an orphan begins to twist the thoughts and actions of the other girls in the community such as Mary Warren, Betty Parris, Ruth Putnam, Mercy Lewis and Tituba in hope of saving her own dignity and the little respect she holds in the ommunity and to avoid persecution for disobeying the strict Puritan belief of no dancing and recreational activities that herself and other girls in the town participated in the woods the previous night. By using threats and fright Abigail manipulates Betty, Tituba, Mercy and Mary into sworn secrecy, â€Å"Let either of you breathe a word, or the edge of a word, about the other things, and I will come to you in the black of some terrible night and I will bring a pointy reckoning that will shudder you† (act one). Through acts of desperation and vengefulness Abigail is able to take advantage of the talk of witchcraft throughout Salem that Tituba has been accused of. Seeing it as a chance to bring down Elizabeth Proctor, John Proctor’s wife’s reputation in order to receive affection from John Proctor Abigail hopes to bring persecution upon her by accusing her of witchcraft, this is seen in act two when Mary Warren informs the Proctors of her mentioning in court. Abigail is a direct example of how an individual has to choose between conforming to an ideology and loosing moral self consciousness in order to belong, but in this example it enriches Abigail’s experience of belonging as she gains respect and authority throughout the community. The play allows the audience to witness the persecution of innocence such as that of Elizabeth Proctor, Rebecca Nurse, Goody Osborn and Martha Corey, all of whom are accused of witchcraft and Giles Corey and John Proctor who are arrested for crimes against the court. These characters uphold a tight belief in truth and honour over conforming to an ideal that they do not believe in, and are therefore isolated and disgraced by the community when refusal to confess to a false accusation of witchcraft has been set upon them. John Proctor the ‘heroic’ character of the play who makes a strong emphasis on the importance of name and reputation is thrown into inner turmoil as he watches the town turn into hysteria over a fabrication of a scared and lonely girl. Proctor is a man of respect in the town, but it is present that he and Elizabeth do not follow the theocracy of Salem. By not attending church on Sundays and working on the fields, as he despises Reverend Parris and does not want to attend his church sermons, â€Å"I have trouble enough without I come five mile to hear him preach only hellfire and bloody damnation† (act one), Proctor and his family have a sense of disconnection towards the society before the witch trials began. Elizabeth being a sensible, level headed character finds the whole idea of witchcraft humorous nd Proctor being cynical and moderate, can see the desperate plea of the town who is in need of self expression and individual thought. They choose not to belong in order to keep a strong sense of what they believe to be good characteristics and morals. Salem’s hysteria unravels the tight woven knot of conformity and religious ruling, that citizens such as Abigail and Mary Warren who had little respect and authority in the town, gained after claiming witchcraft to be among them. Authority and power held by Abigail, Deputy- Governor Danforth and Judge Hathorne over the citizens that did hold respect and honour previously throughout the town such as the Proctors, the Nurses and the Coreys who refuse to conform to lies and deceit in order to save them selves from persecution and death from confessing to witchcraft, shows how experiences from the world around them can change their perspectives of belonging into a negative, limiting experience that exposes the lies and indecency that was required in order to belong the hypocritical theocracy. The inspiration for the play was drawn from the current issue of the 1950s (the play being written in 1953) McCarthyism, anti communist fight in America and the 17th century witch hunt of Salem, Massachusetts which have a closely relative history with each other and are a form of historical parallelism. Both historical events were the results of extremism, hysteria and terror of a loss of power, authority and sense of belonging in a society. Miller was able to reconstruct the past events and add dramatic, imaginative expression to create a perspective of the idea of belonging to a society and the hardships and oddities that can arise from the need to belong. Stage directions are used throughout the play to emphasise dramatic effect and to allow the reader a deeper understanding of the characters and Miller’s ideas of the event of the play can be deeply captured â€Å"Hale is in a fever of guilt and uncertainty† (act one) is a example of a stage direction expressing Hale’s emotions of his participation in the events of Salem. As Miller himself was persecuted for fostering anti-American beliefs, just as Proctor and many of the other characters in the Crucible had been, the context of the play has a great deal of insight into the struggle of self preservation in beliefs, ideals and morals but also the need to belong to something greater then the individual themselves. The human characteristic of the need to belong is one of the strongest key points throughout the play. All characters wether they are ‘good’ or ‘evil’ truthful or deceitful or confirmative or non-compliance they are in search of a place to belong, whether it be to society, to their family or to themselves. Abigail and the other girls are the obvious characters that are in desperate need of a sense of belonging to society. Their manipulative, deceitful motivation for condemning innocent people to the gallows is an immediate plea for attention and acceptance from the adults of the society. Due to the theocracy of the town of Salem, the girls are forced to ignore all sense of decency and honour in order to feel a sense of power and authority. Abigail is a girl of leadership qualities and is able to lead the girls in their acts of fraud, in the court, in their testimonies and their emotions of the events. The dislodgment of power in the town allows Abigail to persuade honourable but flawed members of the hierarchy of Salem, â€Å"the crazy little children are jangling the keys of the kingdom†. Danforth, Parris, Hale and Cheever who are then themselves thrown into a inner struggle on whether conforming to the girls in order to hold authority or to admit their mistakes and to have peace of mind, just as Hale does by the end of the play. Danforth, Parris and Cheever are characters that are used in the use of irony in the play. Act three set in the courtroom is a scene of high tension and angst and is a good example of irony, Proctor is in a desperate plea to free Elizabeth’s name along with all the other falsely accused, Abigail is at the height of her power, Hale is beginning to regret his support of the court and Danforth is determined to hold onto all authority, theocracy, belonging and truth that is left in the community. This in itself is ironic as Danforth persecutes those who are honest and once had a sense of belonging in the community and pays respect to those who are deceitful and didn’t belong. Mary Warren, a servant girl of the Proctor’s residence is evidence of the human need to belong in act three. Proctor was able to convince her to testify against the girls in the court and to announce that they are frauds and are deceiving the court. But Mary gives into the pressure of peer group judgement when Abigail and the majority of the court turn against her, she claims that Proctor is the â€Å"devil’s man† and â€Å"I will not hang with you† and turns back to the girls for acceptance. Mary finds the persecution of having individual belief to be too great a sacrifice then conforming to lies and deception in order to belong. Proctor by this stage is at his peak of inner turmoil over his secret adultery with Abigail, he out cries â€Å"Whore! Whore! in a fit of rage, signing away his good name. The importance of name to Proctor is a key example of human need to belong. By Proctor signing his away in order to prove Abigail false shows how he is a good man and how he will not conform to society. Mary is a weak character therefore an easy target for Proctor, Danforth and Abigail to manipulate into conforming to their beliefs. Her need to belong becomes somewhat a blank canvas to them as they see her to turn to whatever ideals will allow her to belong. Mary’s testimony of the girls being frauds is brought to a halt when Danforth asks Mary to feint in the court to prove that it was all just lies and games, but Mary’s inability to feint as she does not have the â€Å"sense of it† pushes pressure on Mary that changes the how she feels about belonging and shows that she is unable to look past the need to belong in order to have self preservation and dignity. The pressures of society are too great, this is in total contrast to Proctor, Elizabeth, Rebecca Nurse and Giles Corey who refuse to give up their sense of righteousness and dignity in order to give in to lies and deception. By the end of the play in act four, the characters have discovered their sense of belonging and their need to belong has either been over shadowed by self dignity such as Proctor, Giles and Rebecca Nurse who all accept death over conforming and defying themselves their righteousness, goodness and honesty. Characters such as Hale and Parris have come to realisation of the need to belong may not always be the right thing if it is at the cost of undignified human loss. Both characters, Hale and Parris, are swept with guilt, Hale tries to persuade Proctor to confess and not step up to the gallows, while Parris realises Danforth’s motives and that his own motives for supporting the court were greedy and a sense of shame washes over him. The high climatic ending of the play, where Proctor denies signing a false confession as he was able to find his decency and honour and Elizabeth is able to forgive him, is the final act of the human need to belong, but it shows how the people around an individual will change the need of that sense of belonging. Proctor and Elizabeth realise to be content a sense of belonging to each other is all that is needed. Giles Corey and Rebecca Nurse, find that belonging to decency, honour and truth is stronger then belonging to life in a corrupt society, and Abigail realises that gaining a sense of belonging can not be done through lies and deception. The film â€Å"Into the Wild† by Sean Penn, based on the true story of Christopher McCandless, conveys the idea of an individual’s need to escape a sense of belonging to a society that they find repulsive and ‘corrupt’, but the everlasting need of human relationship and connectedness. Christopher was born into a family of high wealth, and is witness of a dislodged, fractured relationship between his parents. This is thought to be one of the causes of Chris’s dislike for society, as he sees it as a reflection of his family. The film shows how some individuals find a sense of belonging not with humans but with environment around them, but that the human need to belong will always out weigh all other sense of belonging. The story is told in a series of flashbacks and cut scenes, jumping from the past to the present with narration from his sister giving the audience a insight into the context of Chris’s decisions that led him to Alaska and the ‘Magic Bus’ and his eventual untimely death. Chris undertakes a two year journey to Alaska in hope of finding peace and happiness in the wilderness of the Alaskan mountains and to escape the need for him to conform to social normalities that his parents expect him to partake in. Chris just as John Proctor in The Crucible, finds an importance in name, a difference being that Chris finds the need to reject his given birth name and adopt a name he has created â€Å"Alexander Supertramp†, a suggestion of rejection of his parents and the society he is running from and the adoption of an alter ego who believes in freedom and self expression. The name Alexander Supertramp implies ‘super humanness’, strength of independence and great capabilities, values that Chris believes to be important. While Chris tries to escape human relationships, he is unknowingly making new ones that will have great significance on him near the end of his life, and the great significance he has on the lives of the people he meets along his journey to Alaska. The first characters that are introduced to Chris are Jan and Rainey, a couple who travel across America in a camper van. The relationship between Jan and Rainey is disconnected, and distant, both feel as if they cannot communicate with each other. Chris reunites them, by showing each of them the needs of the other. Chris does this without realisation of his actions and the positive implications it has on them. Chris’s inability to allow himself to form any form of relationship with anyone, brings him to leave Jan and Rainey in the middle of the night, without a goodbye. This shows his want to escape society, as at the first sign of affection and emotion being shown Chris feels uncomfortable and a sense of unease and feels as if he has to move on. Jan has a significant affect on Chris, as is learnt near the end of the film, when Chris realises the pain he has caused his parents and the affect of his disappearance would have had on them and the sense of belonging to family he learns is important by the end of the film. The film demonstrates, the persecution and infringement of personal freedom and rights by authority, just as seen in The Crucible. Forever running into trouble with authoritative figures, Chris is continually being denied the freedom and escape he so purely desires. Things such as paddling down the Colorado River is denied, with out proper authorisation and documentation as well as a twelve year waiting list, not wearing socks while at work at the fast food restaurant and being beaten by the train guard for riding the freight train are examples of the authority that Chris runs into on his travels. Society to an individual can be enriching to the experience of belonging but for Chris is limits his ideal sense of belonging. This is shown in the amount of issues that Chris experiences is partly due to the non-compliance attitudes he has towards society, and the fact that he believes that people should have freedom to enjoy the world without having to follow strict guidelines and structure. This is a parallel to the expectations of Chris that his parents held for him and the hatred of having to conform to other individual’s ideals and rules. The hypocrisy of his parent’s expectations of a perfect son and the perfect life is somewhat to blame for Chris’s dispelling. Chris and his sister grew up witnessing, violence, anger, deceit and pain from his parent’s marriage. Corrine’s voice overs describe Chris’s emotions as the fragility of crystal â€Å"the fragility of crystal is not a weakness but a fineness. My parents understood a fineness that had to be cared for or it may be shattered, but when it came to my brother, they seemed not to know or care that their course of secret action could bring the kind of devastation that could cut them†. The family difficulties experienced changed Chris’s view of belonging; it showed that belonging to a family can bring both happiness and pain. Ron Franz, a Korean veteran is a significant character in the film, his fatherly figure towards Chris, acts a kind of substitute to Chris’s father’s absence in his life. Ron himself had suffered great personal tragedy, by losing his wife and child in a car accident with a drunk driver but he was able to move on and look past the tragedy to some form of positive in life. Ron teaches Chris that relationships with people are important and that he can spend his life full of bitterness and or that he can grow and learn from the pain that has been caused â€Å"you can choose to be a prisoner of bitterness or you can build a fulfilling life from pain†. Chris realises this in his last living days at the magic bus, and it helps him forgive his parents for the pain and deceit that contributed to his estrangement from society. The characters of Ron, Jan and Rainey show how the people surrounding an individual can be enrichment towards their sense of belonging and connectedness to society, even if they themselves are on the outskirts of society themselves. This corrupt society that Chris is continually trying to outrun is shown as a disorientating, overwhelming place, the audience gains a sense of how Chris feels about being the city of highly populated area. By using different audio sounds such as, rushing traffic, trains and the general sounds of a bustling society, the effect of Chris’s awkward, discomfort and displeasure is displayed along side with slow motion and freeze frames to add dramatic effect, this can been seen in the homeless shelter scene, where Chris views the homeless along the street and begins to feel as if this could be him in the future if he is to remain within society’s grasp. These sounds are in contrast with the native sounds of the Alaskan Mountains, the wheat fields and the ocean where rushing rivers and birds are heard, the galloping of horses and the crashing of waves surround the audience’s sense of hearing that show Chris’s total ease and pleasure from being separated from society and connectedness. The camera shots and angles used co-inside with these audio sounds are panoramic, split scenes that are slow and soothing, just like Chris’s sense of belonging. These sounds slowly change throughout the movie as Chris learns the true depth in belonging and human connection. As Chris’s health deteriorates from lack of food and exposure to the elements he learns the value of belonging to a society and that humans are not capable of living in primitive ways in exposed conditions. He learns that being connected to his family and other people will bring happiness that no other form of belonging such as belonging to the environment and to complete isolation will bring. The time spent in the Magic Bus for Chris is a time of personal reflection and deliberation as well as a time to learn to forgive and feel a sense of connection to the people surrounding his life. At the end of the film we witness Chris reject his adopted name of Alexander Supertramp and accept his real name. A sign of complete reformation of everything he believed in and that of what he learnt and now believes in. In both the play ‘The Crucible’ and the film ‘Into the Wild’, the idea of the world and the people around an individual being a limiting or enriching experience to the individuals sense of belonging had been conveyed. This was expressed, through all characters, wether they demonstrated the positive or negative aspects of the concept such as Proctor and Chris, two individualists who fight conformity in order to keep their sense of identity and to express their needs to belong to their own ideals, or characters such as Abigail, Danforth and Chris’s parents who will conform in order to gain a sense of belonging to what they believed to be the social norms and theocracies that may not be morally correct. The enriching and limiting experiences described in both texts both come to the resolution of the human need to belong and the facts of life that will change the perspective of an individuals sense of belong such as family, friendship, theocracies, societies and their natural surroundings.

Prg420 V10 Week 4 Individual Assignment Essay

PRG420 (Version 10) – Week 4 Individual- Simple Commission Calculation Program Part 3 Modify the Week Three Javaâ„ ¢ application using Javaâ„ ¢ NetBeansâ„ ¢ IDE to meet these additional and changed business requirements: * The application will now compare the total annual compensation of at least two salespersons. * It will calculate the additional amount of sales that each salesperson must achieve to match or exceed the higher of the two earners. * The application should ask for the name of each salesperson being compared. The Javaâ„ ¢ application should also meet these technical requirements: * The application should have at least one class, in addition to the application’s controlling class. * The source code must demonstrate the use of Array or ArrayList. * There should be proper documentation in the source code. Source Code: /** * Program: Simple Commission Calculation Program Part 3 Purpose: to calculates and display the total annual compensation of a salesperson. Programmer: Class: PRG420 Instructor: Creation Date: Programmer Modification Date: Purpose: to add name of sales person and also functionality to manage the list of sales persons an comparing their annual compensation Program Summary: This program will calculate and display the total annual compensation of a salesperson. Here in this program the salary of the salesman and its commission rate is fixe and program accepts sales amount. */ import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Scanner; import java.text.NumberFormat; class SalesPerson { private final double fixed_Salary = 35750.00; private final double commission_Rate = 12.0; private final double sales_Target = 125250.00; private String name; private double annual_Sales; //default constructor public SalesPerson() { name = â€Å"Unknown†; annual_Sales = 0.0; } //parameterized constructor public SalesPerson(String nm,double aSale) { name = nm; annual_Sales = aSale; } //getter method for the name public String getName(){ return name; } //setter method to set name public void setName(String nm){ name = nm; } //getter method for the annual sales public double getAnnualSales(){ return annual_Sales; } //method to set the value of annual sale public void setAnnualSales(double aSale) { annual_Sales = aSale; } //method to calcualte and get commission public double commission (){ double commission = 0; if(annual_Sales>= (sales_Target*(80/100))) {//80% of the sales target if(annual_Sales>= sales_Target){ commission = sales_Target * (commission_Rate/100.0) + (annual_Sales- sales_Target)* (75.0/100.0); } else commission = annual_Sales * (commission_Rate/100.0); } return commission ; } //method to calcualte and get annual compensation public double annualCompensation (){ return fixed_Salary + commission(); } } public class Main { public static void main(String args[]){ //array list to have a collection of sales persons ArrayList sales_Persons = new ArrayList(); //create an object of Scanner calss to get the keyboard input Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in); do{ //prompt the user to enter name System.out.print(â€Å"Enter salesperson name (stop to EXIT) : â€Å"); String name = input.nextLine().trim(); if(name.equalsIgnoreCase(â€Å"stop†)) break; //creating an object of SalesPerson class SalesPerson sales_Person = new SalesPerson(); //set name of sales person sales_Person.setName(name); //prompt the user to enter the annual sales System.out.print(â€Å"Enter the annual sales : â€Å"); double sale = input.nextDouble(); //set the value of annual sale of sales person object sales_Person.setAnnualSales(sale); //add sales Person to array list sales_Persons.add(sales_Person); //read a blank line input.nextLine(); } while(true); //getting the 2 minimum annual compensation double min = -1; double secondMin = -1; if(sales_Persons.size()>=3){ //intilization double firstValue = sales_Persons.get(0).annualCompensation(); double secondValue = sales_Persons.get(1).annualCompensation(); //intechanging if in reverse oreder if (firstValue < secondValue) { min = firstValue; secondMin = secondValue; } else { min = secondValue; secondMin = firstValue; } double nextElement = -1; //compring the 2 to n values for (int i = 2; i < sales_Persons.size(); i++) { nextElement = sales_Persons.get(i).annualCompensation(); if (nextElement < min) { secondMin = min; min = nextElement; } else if (nextElement < secondMin) { secondMin = nextElement; } } } //displaying result NumberFormat nf = NumberFormat.getCurrencyInstance(); //All salespersons and their total annual compensation System.out.println(â€Å" †); System.out.printf(String.format(â€Å"%-20s%-20s†,†Name†, â€Å"Total annual compensation† )); System.out.println(); for(SalesPerson salesperson :sales_Persons){ System.out.printf(String.format(â€Å"%-20s%20s†,salesperson.getName(), nf.format(salesperson.annualCompensation()))); System.out.println(); } //dipslyaing the all sales persons additional amount of sales other the 2 memebrs who have minimum sales System.out.println(â€Å" †); for(int i=0; i< sales_Persons.size();i++){ double compensation = sales_Persons.get(i).annualCompensation(); if(compensation == min || compensation == secondMin) continue; System.out.println(â€Å"Name of Salesperson : â€Å"+sales_Persons.get(i).getName()); System.out.println(â€Å"The total annual compensation : â€Å"+nf.format(compensation)); System.out.println(â€Å"Total Sales Total Compensation†); double sale = sales_Persons.get(i).getAnnualSales(); for(double j =sale; j

Junot Diaz Treflection Essay

From what I had previously read and heard from about Junot Diaz, I expected the typical speaker that usually stops by our campus: tall male, dressed in a suite, with a charming personality. Knowing he was a Hispanic author I felt like I would be exposed to nothing new during his readings or presence for that matter ( seeing as how being from Colombia and have had a lot of exposure to Hispanic authors). This immediately changed as a couple classmates and I got together to walk over to Sorenson Hall, and, as I we were walking to the auditorium, found multiple students heading to the same even but not because their curriculum required it but rather because they were so intrigued to hear him speak. Obviously, this triggered my own interest in what this author, that I originally found so predictable, had to say. From the moment he set foot on the stage to when he said goodbye, I was intrigued. Diaz evoked a casual atmosphere; through cursing and joking he made the crowd feel comfortable. What I found most interesting was how he explained the different views between him and his family and how looked negatively it seemed for him to become an artist. He also explained multiple aspects about the cultural differences, and talked about the concepts of â€Å"trading your culture† he explained how crazy it is to realize at our age that everyone’s dreams aren’t your dreams. I agreed with everything he had to say and I found the way he evoked his opinions, through casual conversation and a comical tone, to be very effective. What I found most interesting though, is how he compared writing to an art form which says the stuff people don’t want to hear. As he was talking about this topic, I couldn’t help but compare his style of writing to that of graffiti art. He holds a rebellious attitude towards society that makes his writing appealing. Attending this reading taught me much about the topic of learning by making mistakes. My whole life, I’ve been raised thinking that mistakes shouldn’t occur, and the fact that he mentioned that one should take time out to learn through failure and making mistakes caught my attention immediately. Attending Diaz’s reading has been one of the most interesting things I’ve experience while at Babson and I know that when I type the last sentence of this reflection I am buying logging on to amazon and buying his book.

Factors affecting course preference

Parent involvement is somewhat of a mystery within the field of education. Teachers often wonder how to encourage more parents to attend workshops while parents question how to best support their children's learning at home. Researchers struggle to conduct accurate studies isolating home-school collaboration as a channel for student achievement and policymakers have difficulty drafting a document that guides schools to work with â€Å"hard-to-reach† parents. Simply stated, schools and districts across the country struggle to involve parents as partners in heir children's education (Sheldon &Hutchins, 2011). Garland 2009) found that the most significant influence on the career choice of Indian students was the father. Likewise, parent's perceptions of their children's interests and abilities and their specific expectations for their child's success can affect choices, beliefs, and career actions. Similarly, because college students typically seek approval and family support reg arding specific career decisions, these students will probably experience a struggle if their career decision does not align with family expectations.In a recent duty confirmed the great influence of parents relating to career choice. It has also been established that several societies across the globe emphasize collective identity and significance of family. (Bryant et al. 2009) One of the challenges facing the accounting profession has always been how to attract competent applicants. In recent years the demand for accounting graduates has been strong. Although a severe economic downturn beginning in the fall of 2008 lessened the demand for accounting graduates, the employment outlook for entry-level accountants overall is positive.The purpose of this survey study is to assess the relative importance of factors affecting students' employment choices (Bloom & Miring, 2011). The results of this study can be useful to among others, employers, students, faculty and career counselors. R ecruiters could benefit from an understanding of factors students consider important when choosing among various employment offers. Greater understanding of influential decision factors can help the recruitment process, improve employee selection, and better match students with suitable employers.This could result in positive outcomes such as a more efficient acquirement strategy, greater employee satisfaction, and lower employee turnover. Accounting faculty and career advisors could also benefit from understanding factors affecting employment choices since they also help students assess employment opportunities. Today's graduating accounting students are members of Generation Y (Gene Years), a term used to describe those who were born between 1979 and 1994. Gene Years currently range in age from 14 and 29.Gene Years are shaped by their shared experiences due to economic, political, social, and cultural 32 Journal of Higher Education Theory and Practice volt. 1(2) 2011. Peer influen ce As we grow older, your peers actually helped shape your personality towards your strengths. You will be faced with some challenging decisions. In an article by Attar Manor she said that making decisions on your own is hard enough, but when other people get involved and try to pressure you one way or another it can be even harder.Be it school, college or workplace – making friends is important, and so is socializing, but there are ways to forge new ties and mix up with people without being pressurized by the peers. Friends never make you lose your identity, making rinds is about appreciating the differences and respecting individual tastes and still being together. Be comfortable with identity of who you are, and you will soon make new friends and be accepted by everyone. The effects of peer pressure can be prevented by simply teaching your child to be confident and comfortable in their own skin, without giving in such social influences.When making a decision it is not ther e is nothing involved for one to draw to their decision, one may not realize that this is process and that it is done every day several times a day. According to the text the definition of decision making is the process of choosing a course of action to deal with a problem or opportunity' (Shoehorning, Hunt, Osborn. & Uh-Been, 2010). Farmer (2010) also affirms that peers are not inherently positive or negative; they can be both good and bad.He further said that, peer friendships, group interactions, and influences are a part of positive development. Young people learn to evaluate themselves through the eyes of their peers, they get feedback on their personal characteristics, they gain social skills and confidence and they learn how to defer personal fulfillment to group goals. Young people also learn how to make themselves more attractive and interesting to others, they learn to control their aggressive reactions in the interest of fitting with others.Personal decision After a decis ion is made, people experience a variety of reactions. In addition, present decisions influence future decision making. Several of the outcomes that may result from a decision are regret or satisfaction; both of which influence upcoming decisions. Regret, feelings of disappointment or dissatisfaction with a choice made is one potential outcome of decision making. Interestingly, regret may shape the decision asking process. According to Abraham and Sheerer (2010), anticipated regret is the belief that the decision will be result of inaction.Anticipated regret may prompt behavior; that is, when a person indicates they will do something, such as exercise, they may follow through with their intended decision, to avoid regret. Once the decision is made, the impact of the decision, if regret is experienced, will impact future decisions. People can often get consumed with examining the other options that were available; the path not taken (Saga & Friedman, 2009). Satisfaction refers to owe pleased the decision maker is with the outcome of the decision. There are many things that impact levels of satisfaction.Boots and lounger (2011) observed individuals prefer to make their own decisions and believe they will be more satisfied with their choices; however, when people are given only undesirable options, decision makers are less satisfied than those who have had the choice made for them. Future decision making is based on past decisions, as well as levels of satisfaction or regret. Even though there is evidence to support this notion, in many cases, particularly when the session may be reversed, decisions may be based on the reversibility factor (Gilbert, & Bert, 2010).Significant to individuals' satisfaction is that people are willing to pay a premium for the opportunity to change their minds at a later date. Decision making is a critical aspect to feeling successful and happy in life; decision making is at the root of all we do. It is important to develop effective d ecision making skills and strategies. Problem solving strategies include, but are not limited to brain storming, cost benefit analysis, written remediation plans, and an examination of possible choices. The decision making process can be complicated and overwhelming.As a result, it is valuable for individuals to learn a model to follow, that may be applied to everyday decisions, as well as life changing choices (Western, Christianson, Food, & Santiago-Riviera, 2009). Justification of the study Parents are taking vital part in making decision in the lives of their children. It always been subjective that parents know what is best for their children and they want them to be in the right track. Children look for advice and approval for what is right and good for them in terms of decision making because sometimes they are fitful of what career preferences to choose if they will succeed or regret.Peer influence helps us to have decisions in life especially in the mode of work. It gives u s self-assurance and at ease on the career decision we made. Collaboration with our friends and mingle with others increase and shape our personal growth to set goals for achievement in ourselves. Personal decision makes us to become independent in our life. Deciding of what you really want makes you learn from previous occurrence and to become stronger to face challenges that you will become successful in the end.